In the Ming and Qing dynasty, the central government established special institutes to contact and receive messengers from foreign countries or national minorities. In order to meet the demand of daily translation reference and to cultivate students, the institute had compiled a series of bilingual dictionaries Chinese and languages of foreign countries or the minorities, which was named Hua Yi Yi Yu. Completed in the 15th years of Qianlong, the book Xi Fan Yi Yu was one of the series, which demonstrated the panorama of language of minorities in the northwestern area of Sichuan province in the near 300 years and provided hundreds of daily vocabularies. It is a precious reference material for studies on history, culture and language of nationalities speaking Tibetan and Burmese.
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