Fatherland or Promised Land: The Dilemma of the Germern Jew, 1893-1914

Fatherland or Promised Land traces the history of the two major organizations formed by German Jews to deal with the contradictions between emancipation and anti-Semitism. Each organization developed its own equilibrium between the two claims on German Jewry's loyalty: Deutschtum and Judentum; and it was in this period that the great personalities of Jewish liberalism and Zionism emerged. The debate was not resolved until the Nazis decided the issue during the Third Reich.