Early Childhood Development in Tonga: Baseline Results from the Tongan Early Human Capability Index

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword By Alice Albright And Amit Dar -- Foreword By Ana Maui Taufe'ulungaki -- Acknowledgments -- About The Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Context Of Tonga -- The Pacific Early Age Readiness And Learning Programme -- Pearl Pillars -- Tonga Pearl -- Chapter 2 The Importance Of Measuring Early Childhood Development -- Early Childhood Development And School Readiness -- Measuring Early Childhood Development -- Chapter 3 Steps In The Development Of The Tongan Early Human Capability Index -- Why Develop A New Measure Of Early Human Capability For Tonga? -- Consultations: What Does A Solid/strong Tongan Child Look Like When Starting School? -- Step 1: First Consultations -- Step 2: Second Consultation/face Validity -- Step 3: Pilot Test -- Step 4: Third Consultation To Finalize Instrument -- The Tehci -- Implementation Of The Census -- Chapter 4 Results -- Resultant Sample Description -- Tehci Descriptive Results -- Social And Demographic Factors Affect Child Development -- Early Childhood Stimulation In The Home Positively Affects Child Development -- Preschool Services Positively Affect Child Development -- Geographical Mapping -- Data Dissemination -- Chapter 5 Potential Future Use Of The Early Human Capability Index In Tonga And Conclusions -- Exemplary Data Collection Process -- Conclusions -- Appendix A Back-translated And Tongan Versions Of The Tehci -- Appendix B Geographically Mapped Results Of Tehci Domains -- Appendix C Reliability And Validity Of The Tehci -- Discrimination -- Traditional Methods Of Scale Reliability -- Rasch Modeling -- References -- Figures -- Figure 4.1 activities In The Home Environment For Children Ages 3-5 -- Figure 4.2 activities In The Child's Home Environment By Mother's Education Level -- Figure 4.3 preschool Participation By Age And Sex. Figure 4.4 preschool Participation By Island Group -- Figure 4.5 preschool Participation By Mother's Education Level -- Maps -- Map 4.1 overall Development Map Of Tongatapu -- Map 4.2 overall Development Map Of Vava'u -- Map 4.3 overall Development Map Of Ha'apai -- Map 4.4 overall Development Map Of 'eua And The Niuas -- Map B.1 approaches To Learning, Tongatapu -- Map B.2 cultural And Spirituality, Tongatapu -- Map B.3 literacy, Tongatapu -- Map B.4 numeracy And Concepts, Tongatapu -- Map B.5 perseverance, Tongatapu -- Map B.6 physical Development, Tongatapu -- Map B.7 social And Emotional Development, Tongatapu -- Map B.8 verbal Development, Tongatapu -- Photos -- Photo 4.1 launch Of The Tehci Results By Her Royal Highness The Princess Of Tonga And Dr. Truman Packard, Lead Economist, World Bank -- Photo 4.2 community Dissemination Of The Tehci Results On Tongatapu -- Photo 4.3 community Dissemination Of The Tehci Results On Ui'ha Island And Ha'apai Island Group -- Tables -- Table 1.1 tonga Pearl Schedule And Research -- Table 3.1 tongan Early Human Capability Index Questionnaire Items -- Table 4.1 estimated Participation Rate By Main Island Group -- Table 4.2 sample Characteristics -- Table 4.3 tongan Early Human Capability Index Descriptive Results -- Table 4.4 child Development By Age -- Table 4.5 child Development By Gender -- Table 4.6 child Development By Educational Attainment Of Child's Mother -- Table 4.7 child Development By Island Group Of Residence -- Table 4.8 relationship Between Reading In The Home Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.9 relationship Between Reading In The Home Environment And Child Development For Children Not Attending Preschool -- Table 4.10 relationship Between Reading In The Home Environment And Child Development For Children Attending Preschool. Table 4.11 relationship Between Telling Stories In The Home Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.12 relationship Between Singing Songs In The Home Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.13 relationship Between Being Taken Outside The Home/yard Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.14 relationship Between Playing In The Home Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.15 relationship Between Naming/counting Or Drawing Things With The Child In The Home Environment And Child Development -- Table 4.16 relationship Between Participation In Early Childhood Education And Developmental Outcomes -- Table 4.17 relationship Between Participation In Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes, Controlling For Confounders -- Table C.1 internal Consistency Of Tehci Scales As Measured By Cronbach's Alpha.