Conformity of Goods and Documents: The Vienna Sales Convention

This Book Provides A Detailed Examination Of The Issue Of Conformity Of Goods And Documents Under The United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods 1980 (cisg). This Issue Lies At The Heart Of Sales Law And Is One Of The Most Frequently Litigated. The Book Explores The Convention's Requirements As To Quality, Quantity, Description And Packaging Of The Goods (conformity); The Requirements Flowing From The Need For The Goods To Be Free From Rights Or Claims Of Third Parties; And The Questions Of What Documents The Seller Must Deliver To The Buyer And What Constitutes A 'good' Document Under The Cisg. The Book Engages Extensively With A Substantial Body Of Cases Decided Under The Cisg And Academic Commentary. It Systematises The Convention's Experience To Date With A View To Turning It Into An Integrated, Comprehensive And Distinctive Cisg Legal Regime On Conformity Of Goods And Documents. The Analysis Is Comparative And Draws On The Experience Of Some Major Domestic Legal Systems, Such As English And Us Law. The Focus Is Both Analytical And Practical. The Book Will Be Of Interest To Legal Practitioners, Academic Lawyers And Students With An Interest In International And Comparative Sales, Commercial And Contract Law.--bloomsbury Publishing. 1. Introduction -- I. A Brief Introduction To The Cisg -- Ii. The Cisg Today And The Purpose And Scope Of This Book -- Iii. Rules On Conformity Of The Goods: Underlying Considerations -- Iv. The Seller's Liability And The Buyer's Remedies -- V. Conformity Of Goods And Documents: Broader Insights Into The Cisg -- A. General -- B. Is The Cisg A Well-developed Sales Law? -- C. Developing Substantive Content Within A 'minimalist' Structure -- D. Is The Cisg The Best Law For International Sales? -- E. Defining The Boundaries Of The Cisg -- (i) General -- (ii) Proof -- (iii) Validity -- 2. Contractual Provisions On Conformity Of The Goods -- I. General -- Ii. Pre-contractual Representations And Conduct -- A. Puffery And Opinions -- B. Public Statements -- C. Direct Communications Between The Parties -- D. Buyer's Knowledge -- Iii. Post-contractual Statements And Conduct -- Iv. Description -- V. Quality -- A. Definition -- B. Various Formulations Of Quality Standards -- C. Industry Or Public Law Standards -- D. Legislative Changes And -- Or Knowledge Acquired Subsequent To The Contract -- E. Guarantee And Durability -- F. Quantity And Packaging -- 3. Fitness For A Particular Purpose -- I. Legal Nature Of The Implied Rules On Conformity -- Ii. Fitness For A Particular Purpose: General Considerations -- Iii. Relationship With Article 35(1) Cisg -- Iv. Defining A Particular Purpose -- V. Conditions In A Specific Place -- A. Public Law Regulations -- B. Industry Standards And Standards Adopted By Private Entities And Trade Associations -- C. Climatic And Other Conditions -- Vi. Durability -- Vii. Making Known -- Viii. Reliance On The Seller's Skill And Judgement -- Ix. Proof -- A. Burden Of Proof -- B. Standard Of Proof -- C. Admissibility Of Evidence -- 4. Fitness For Ordinary Use -- I. General -- Ii. Does Article 35(2)(a) Cisg Imply A Certain Level Of Quality? -- A. Does Article 35(2)(a) Cisg Require An Inquiry Into The Notion Of Quality? -- B. Different Quality Tests: The Debate -- Iii. Ordinary Use -- Iv. Description -- V. Durability -- Vi. Health And Safety -- Vii. Instructions, Manuals And Labels -- Viii. Servicing And Spare Parts -- Ix. Minor Defects, Appearance And Finish -- X. Public Law Regulations -- A. Informational Asymmetry And Guidelines In New Zealand Mussels -- B. Imperative Of A Case-by-case Analysis -- C. Changes To Public Law Regulations And Other Related Changes Subsequent To The Time Of Assessing Conformity -- D. Legal Nature Of Public Law Regulations And The Reality Of Their Enforcement -- E. Is Article 35(2)(b) Cisg Better Suited Than Article 35(2)(a) To Deal With The Case Of Public Law Regulations? -- Xi. Proof -- 5. Conformity With A Sample Or Model And Packaging; Exemptions From Liability -- I. Conformity With A Sample Or Model -- A. General -- B. How Far Is A Sample Or Model -- Allowed To 'speak'? -- C. Relationship With Contractual Provisions And Other Terms Implied Under The Convention -- D. Public Law Regulations -- E. Proof -- Ii. Packaging -- A. General -- B. Usual Manner -- C. 'adequate Manner' -- D. Defective Packaging With Goods Being Otherwise Conforming -- E. Proof -- Iii. Exemptions From Liability -- A. Buyer's Knowledge -- (i) General -- (ii) Actual Knowledge -- (iii) Implied Knowledge -- B. Article 39 Cisg -- C. Disclaimers -- 6. Third Parties' Rights Or Claims In Respect Of The Goods (article 41 Cisg) -- I. General -- Ii. Third Parties' Rights -- Iii. Third Parties' Claims -- Iv. Relevant Time -- V. Freedom Of The Goods From A Third Party's Right Or Claim -- Vi. Seller's Rights Or Claims -- Vii. Exemptions -- A. Buyer's Agreement -- B. Buyer's Notice -- C. Exclusion Clause -- Viii. Domestic Rules On Validity -- 7. Third Parties' Rights Or Claims Arising From Intellectual Property (article 42 Cisg) -- I. General -- Ii. Industrial Or Other Intellectual Property -- Iii. Rights Or Claims -- A. General -- B. Frivolous Claims -- C. Relevant Time -- D. Seller's Knowledge -- Iv. Territorial Restrictions -- V. Exemptions From Liability -- A. Buyer's Knowledge -- B. Compliance With The Buyer's Specifications -- C. Other Exemptions -- Vi. Burden Of Proof -- Vii. Concluding Observations -- Viii. Freedom From Third Parties' Rights Or Claims: An Aspect Of 'conformity'? -- 8. Conformity Of Documents -- I. Introduction -- Ii. Typical Documents: An Overview -- A. Transport Documents -- B. Other Documents -- Iii. Conformity Of Documents -- A. Documentary And 'physical' Obligations -- B. What Documents Must The Seller Deliver? -- C. Conformity Of Documents -- (i) Transport Documents: Contractual Requirements -- (ii) Transport Documents: Contractual Silence -- (iii) Other Documents -- Iv. Quality, Quantity, Origin And Other Certificates: Conformity And Beyond -- A. General -- B. Conformity -- C. Finality Clause -- D. Certificate As Extra-contractual Documentary Evidence -- V. Emerging Themes -- A. Is The Cisg A Construction Site For Documentary Duties? -- B. Assessing Conformity: Face Of Documents Versus Extrinsic Factual Inquiry -- C. Attack On Party Autonomy And Legal Certainty -- D. Documentary Performance And The Future Of The Cisg Djakhongir Saidov. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Also Issued In Print.