Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law: Criticism of a Legal Paradox

Liner Conferences Are Among The Oldest Surviving Cartels In The World. Created In The 1870's They Have Existed Since On All The World's Shipping Routes. With The Approval Or Tacit Acquiescence Of Governments Everywhere, They Fix Freight Rates, Control Capacity And Share Markets. The United Nations Code Of Conduct For Liner Conferences (1974) Granted Them Global Recognition And Prompted The Ec To Recommend Member States To Join The Convention On The Liner Code (1979) And To Grant Them The Most Generous And Extraordinary Block Exemption From Ec Antitrust Rules Ever (1986). The Ec Commission's Ad Half Title Page; Title Page; Half Title Verso; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Table Of Regulations, Directives And Other Community Acts; Table Of Legislation; Table Of Cases; 1. The Origin, Development And Regulation Of Maritime Cartels; 2. Council Regulation 4056/86 And The Block Exemption For Liner Conferences; 3. Economic Advantages, Participation Of Shippers And Indispensability Of Liner Conferences; 4. The Market Power Of Liner Conferences; 5. The Future Of Liner Conferences; Bibliography Luis Ortiz Blanco ; Translated By Andrew Read. Description Based Upon Print Version Of Record. Includes Bibliographical References, Bibliography (pages [603]-628), And Index. Also Issued In Printing. English