Reaping the Benefits of Genomic and Proteomic Research : Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health

Introduction. The Push To Patent ; Science And Commerce ; Patent Issues ; Secrecy Versus Openness ; The Illusory Experimental Use Exemption ; Charge To The Committee ; Organization Of The Report -- Genomics, Proteomics, And The Changing Research Environment. The Importance Of Dna Sequence ; The Human Genome Project ; Human Genetic Variation ; What Are Genomics And Proteomics? ; The Importance Of Protein Structure ; Changing Scientific And Clinical Paradigms ; Intellectual Property And Commercialization ; Scientific Norms And Evolving Science Policies ; Summary -- The U.s. Patent System, Biotechnology And The Courts. Fields Of Activity ; Applicable Law ; Conclusions -- Trends In The Patenting And Licensing Of Genomic And Protein Inventions And Their Impact On Biomedical Research. Trends In Patenting Genomic And Protein Inventions ; Trends In University Licensing Of Genomic And Proteomic Inventions ; Effects Of Intellectual Property Practices On Research ; Sharing Research Materials ; Conclusion -- Conclusions And Recommendations. Overall Conclusions ; Best Practices And Norms For The Scientific Community And Federal Research Sponsors ; Adapting The Patent System To The Developing Fields Of Genomics And Proteomics ; Facilaitate Research Access To Patented Inventions Through Licensing And Shielding From Liability For Infringement -- Appendixes. A. Biographical Information Of Committee And Staff ; B. Search Algorithms Used To Identify Patents Of Interest. Committee On Intellectual Property Rights In Genomic And Protein Research And Innovation, Board On Science, Technology, And Economic Policy, Committee On Science, Technology, And Law Policy And Global Affairs, National Research Council Of The National Academies ; Stephen A. Merrill And Anne-marie Mazza, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 150-154).