The Origins of Organ Transplantation: Surgery and Laboratory Science, 1880-1930

This book investigates a crucial-but forgotten-episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing he lays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplant medicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunological explanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlich is professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University.

Table of Contents

An ancient dream of mankind?What is special about organ transplantation?Before organ replacement: A natural history approach to diseaseThe invention of organ transplantationOrganotherapy and organ replacementRise and decline of thyroid transplantationThe discovery of a new organ: the parathyroid glandLaboratory and clinic: organ replacement for diabetesThe many uses of the adrenal glandReconstructing women: ovarian transplantsRejuvenating men: testicle transplantsOne principle, multiple applications: further organsFrom special case to prototype: the kidneyEthical problems with organ transplantationLaboratory and clinic: the epistemic and social contextMethods of monitoring the success of transplantsDisillusionment: The clinical failure of organ transplantationThe strategy of technical perfectionA new direction: transplant immunologyChance and necessity: a fresh start for organ transplantation