Quantum Photonics

This textbook teaches Quantum Photonics in a very didactical way. It starts with an introductory description of the quantum properties of photons (energy, momentum, polarisation, statistics second quantization, and Maxwell's equations), quantum properties of electrons (energy, momentum, magnetic moment, statistics and Schrodinger equation). This is followed by quantum 1-dimensional confinement of particles, including tunnelling, resonant tunnelling, and the origin of energy bands in both periodic (crystalline), and aperiodic (non-crystalline) materials. There is an extensive treatment of tunnelling time duration. The chapters are supported by numerous numerical calculations that can be repeated by the student. The treatment to 3-dimensional calculations of electronic bandstructure using the pseudopotential method and introducing the reciprocal space, Brillouin zones, and the Bloch theorem are presented. The electronic bandstructures of Si, Ge, and GaAs are developed and calculated, showing the evolution from a "free-electron" bandstructure based uniquely on symmetry considerations, to the real bandstructure which incorporates the periodic potential. The book ends with an introduction to Quantum Espresso, an international cooperation which offers an integrated suite of open-source computer codes for electronic-structure calculations and materials modeling at the nanoscale.