Quantum Matter at Ultralow Temperatures

The Enrico Fermi summer school on Quantum Matter at Ultralow Temperatures held on 715 July 2014 at Varenna, Italy, featured important frontiers in the field of ultracold atoms.For the last 25 years, this field has undergone dramatic developments, which were chronicled by several Varenna summer schools, in 1991 on Laser Manipulation of Atoms, in 1998 on BoseEinstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, and in 2006 on Ultracold Fermi Gases. The theme of the 2014 school demonstrates that the field has now branched out into many different directions, where the tools and precision of atomic physics are used to realise new quantum systems, or in other words, to quantumengineer interesting Hamiltonians.The topics of the school identify major new directions: Quantum gases with long range interactions, either due to strong magnetic dipole forces, due to Rydberg excitations, or, for polar molecules, due to electric dipole interactions; quantum gases in lower dimensions; quantum gases with disorder; atoms in optical lattices, now with singlesite optical resolution; systems with nontrivial topological properties, e.g. with spinorbit coupling or in artificial gauge fields; quantum impurity problems (Bose and Fermi polarons); quantum magnetism. Fermi gases with strong interactions, spinor BoseEinstein condensates and coupled multicomponent Bose gases or BoseFermi mixtures continue to be active areas. The current status of several of these areas is systematically summarized in this volume.