Energy Storage

This Roadmap Aims To Increase Understanding Among A Range Of Stakeholders Of The Applications That Electricity And Thermal Energy Storage Technologies Can Be Used For At Different Locations In The Energy System. Emphasis Is Placed On Storage Technologies That Are Connected To A Larger Energy System (e.g. Electricity Grid), While A Smaller Portion Of The Discussion Focuses On Off-grid Storage Applications. This Focus Is Complemented By A Discussion Of The Existing Technology, Policy, And Economic Barriers That Hinder Energy Storage Deployment. Specific Actions That Can Be Taken To Remove These Obstacles Are Identified For Key Energy System Stakeholder Groups. Foreword 1 Acknowledgements 4 Key Findings And Actions 5 -key Findings 5 -key Actions For The Next Ten Years 5 Introduction 6 -rationale For Energy Storage 6 -purpose, Process, And Structure Of The Roadmap 7 -roadmap Scope 7 Energy Storage Applications 9 -key Application Definitions 10 -benefits-stacking 12 -locations 15 Status Of Energy Storage Technologies Today 16 -current Installed Capacity 16 -electricity Storage 21 -thermal Storage 22 Vision For Deployment To 2050 26 -the Etp 2014 Scenarios For A Clean Energy Transition 26 -three Scenarios For Electricity Storage Deployment 28 -regional Factors For Energy Storage Deployment 30 Energy Storage Technology Development: Actions And Milestones 38 -actions Spanning Across Technologies And Applications 38 -short-term (seconds-minutes) Storage Applications For Reserve Services And Frequency Regulation 40 -distributed Battery Storage For Renewables Integration, Frequency Regulation 40 -long-term (hours-seasons) Storage Applications For Arbitrage, Load Following, And Other Grid Services 42 -thermal Energy Storage For Low Temperature (<10°c) Applications 43 -thermal Energy Storage For Medium Temperature (10°c To 250°c) Applications 44 -thermal Energy Storage For High Temperature (>250°c) Applications 45 Policy, Finance, And International Collaboration: Actions And Milestones 46 -policy And Regulatory Frameworks 49 -incentivising Investment 50 -planning And Permitting 50 -training And Public Engagement 51 International Collaboration 52 Conclusion: Near-term Actions For Stakeholders 53 Annexes 55 Acronyms, Abbreviations And Units Of Measure 56 References 57 International Energy Agency Bibliographic Level Mode Of Issuance: Monograph Includes Bibliographical References. English