The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees

Until His Death In 1982, Karl Von Frisch Was The World's Most Renowned Authority On Bees. The Dance Language And Orientation Of Bees Is His Masterwork--the Culmination Of More Than Fifty Years Of Research. Now Available For The First Time In Paperback, It Describes In Non-technical Language What He Discovered In A Lifetime Of Study About Honeybees--their Methods Of Orientation, Their Sensory Faculties, And Their Remarkable Ability To Communicate With One Another. Thomas Seeley's New Foreword Traces The Revolutionary Effects Of Von Frisch's Work, Not Just For The Study Of Bees, But For All Subsequent Research In Animal Behavior. This New Paperback Edition Also Includes An Appreciation Of Von Frisch By The Distinguished Biologist Martin Lindauer, Who Was Frisch's Protégé And Later His Colleague And Friend. Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword To The Paperback Edition / Seeley, Thomas D. -- An Appreciation Of Karl Von Frisch -- Preface -- Part One. The Dances Of Bees -- I. Historical -- Ii. Methods In General -- Iii. The Round Dance As A Means Of Communication When Nectar Sources Are Nearby -- Iv. The Tail-wagging Dance As A Means Of Communication When Food Sources Are Distant -- 1. Description Of The Tail-wagging Dance -- 2. The Transition From The Round Dance To The Tail-wagging Dance -- 3. Comparison Of Nectar And Pollen Collectors -- A. The Indication Of Distance -- 4. The Tempo Of The Dance -- 5. The Influence Of Internal Factors On The Dance Tempo -- 6. The Influence Of External Factors On The Tempo Of Dancing -- 7. How Accurately Can Newcomers Follow The Distance Indications? Stepwise Experiments (stufenversuche) -- 8. What Part Of The Tail-wagging Dance Is The Signal That Defines The Distance? -- 9. How Does The Dancer Estimate The Distance? -- 10. The Significance Of The Outward And The Homeword Flight In The Indication Of Distance -- 11. The Shape Of The Curve For Distance -- B. The Indication Of Direction -- 12. First Hints Of The Mode Of Indicating The Direction Of The Goal -- 13. The Indication Of Direction On A Horizontal Surface -- 14. The Indication Of Direction On The Surface Of A Vertical Comb -- 15. Dances On An Oblique Comb Surface -- 16. Individual Differences In The Indication Of Direction, And The Influence Of Age -- 17. Comparison Of The Effects Of Round Dances And Tail-wagging Dances -- 18. How Precisely Is The Indication Of Direction Followed By The Newcomers? Experiments In A Fan-shaped Pattern -- 19. Dances When The Sun Is In The Zenith -- 20. No Indication Of Direction Upward Or Downward -- 21. The Significance Of The Outbound And Homebound Flights For The Indication Of Direction -- 22. Detour Experiments -- 23. The Indication Of Direction In A Crosswind -- 24. Misdirection -- 25. The Role Of The Scent Organ And Floral Odors With Distant Sources Of Food -- 26. We Look For A Feeding Station From Directions Supplied By The Bees -- V. Dependence Of The Dances On The Profitability Of Foraging Activity -- Vi. Guidance By Scent -- Vii. Application Of The Dances To Other Objectives -- Viii. Other Dance Forms -- Ix. Danceless Communication By Means Of Sounds And Scents -- X. Variants Of The Language Of The Bees -- Xi. Phylogeny And Symbolism Of The Language Of The Bees -- Part Two. The Orientation Of Bees On The Way To The Goal -- Xii. Orientation On Long-distance Flights -- Xiii. Orientation When Near The Goal -- Retrospect -- References -- Index Karl Von Frisch. Mode Of Access: Internet Via World Wide Web. In English.