Advances in Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), including alcohol fuel cells, have been investigated extensively. Zero-gas emission, high efficiency, and low-operating temperatures make them promising candidates for green energy, especially for transportation and portable applications. Proton-conducting membranes (mostly polymer-based) are responsible for separating anode and cathode reactions, and lie at the heart of a PEMFC. Consequently, they have generated extensive research interest over the last few decades. A myriad of fluorinated and non-fluorinated polymers as well as hydrocarbons and natural polymers have been explored specifically for PEMFC.This book provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art PEMFC membranes. Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest filler materials (graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides) and membrane concepts (multilayer membranes, direct membrane deposition, electrospinning) unfolding in the field of PEMFC.This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into the various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting the proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon. Recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes is examined.This book highlights the requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of a PEMFC and its interactions with other PEMFC components. This is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes.