Urban North-Eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside

Machine Generated Contents Note: 1. History, Geography, Demography And Culture -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Geography -- 1.2.1. The North-east -- 1.2.2. Newcastle And Tyneside -- 1.2.3. Sunderland And Wearside -- 1.2.4. Middlesbrough And Teesside -- 1.3. History -- 1.3.1. The North-east -- 1.3.2. Newcastle And Tyneside -- 1.3.3. Sunderland And Wearside -- 1.3.4. Middlesbrough And Teesside -- 1.4. Culture -- 1.4.1. The North-east As A Culturally Salient Region -- 1.4.2. Newcastle: A Regional Capital? -- 1.4.3. Local Rivalries -- Notes -- 2. Phonetics And Phonology -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Delimiting The Region -- 2.3. Variation Within The Region -- 2.3.1. Perceptions Of Variation -- 2.3.2. Sources -- 2.4. Vowels -- 2.4.1. Introduction -- 2.4.2. Face -- 2.4.3. Goat -- 2.4.4. Nurse -- 2.4.5. Goose. 2.4.6. Fleece -- 2.4.7. Price -- 2.4.8. Mouth -- 2.4.9. Thought -- 2.4.10. Trap, Bath, Start -- 2.4.11. Unstressed Vowels -- 2.5. Consonants -- 2.5.1. Introduction -- 2.5.2. /p T K/ -- 2.5.3. /r/ -- 2.5.4. /h/ -- 2.5.5. /l/ -- 2.6. Suprasegmentals -- 2.7. Current Changes -- 2.7.1. Introduction -- 2.7.2. Face And Goat -- 2.7.3. /p/, /t/ And /k/ -- 2.7.4. Th-fronting -- 2.7.5. /r/ -- 2.8. Conclusion -- Notes -- 3. Morphosyntax -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Pronouns -- 3.2.1. Personal Pronouns -- 3.2.2. Relative Pronouns -- 3.3. Definite And Indefinite Articles -- 3.3.1. The Definite Article -- 3.3.2. The Indefinite Article -- 3.4. The Northern Subject Rule -- 3.5. Negation -- 3.5.1. Punctual Never -- 3.5.2. Negative Concord -- 3.5.3. Auxiliary Contraction -- 3.5.4. Uncontracted Negatives -- 3.5.5. Interrogative Tags -- 3.5.6. Local Forms Of Negated Do. 3.6. Modal Verbs -- 3.6.1. Range Of Modal Verbs -- 3.6.2. Epistemic Must -- 3.6.3. Double Modals -- 3.7. Conclusion -- 4. Lexis And Discourse Features -- 4.1. Introduction: Social Changes And Lexical Attrition -- 4.2. Past Research Into North-eastern Dialect Vocabulary -- 4.3. Sources Of The North-eastern Vocabulary -- 4.4. Case Studies -- 4.4.1. Case Study 1: The Tyneside Linguistic Survey Lexical Questionnaire -- 4.4.2. Case Study 2: Lads And Lasses -- 4.5. Discourse Markers -- 4.5.1. Intensifiers -- 4.5.2. Sentence-final Elements -- 4.5.3. Other Uses Of Like -- 4.5.4. Right Dislocation -- 4.5.5. Terms Of Endearment -- 4.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 5. Annotated Bibliography And References -- 5.1. History, Geography, Demography And Culture -- 5.2. Phonetics And Phonology -- 5.3. Morphosyntax -- 5.4. Lexis -- 5.5. References Cited In This Text. Joan Beal, Lourdes Burbano-elizondo And Carmen Llamas. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 97-110) And Index.