苦难的时代 : 美国奴隶制经济学 = Time on the cross /Ku nan de shi dai : Mei guo nu li zhi jing ji xue = Time on the cross

First published in 1974, Fogel and Engerman's groundbreaking book reexamined the economic foundations of American slavery, marking ""the start of a new period of slavery scholarship and some searching revisions of a national tradition"" (C. Vann Woodward, New York Review of Books). In an Afterword added in 1989, the authors assess their findings in the light of recent scholarship and debate.