Clientelism, capitalism, and democracy: the rise of programmatic politics in the United States and Britain

Political Parties In The United States And Britain Used Clientelism And Patronage To Govern Throughout The Nineteenth Century. By The Twentieth Century, However, Parties In Both Countries Shifted To Programmatic Competition. This Book Argues That Capitalists Were Critical To This Shift. Businesses Developed New Forms Of Corporate Management And Capitalist Organization, And Found Clientelism Inimical To Economic Development. Drawing On Extensive Archival Research In The United States And Britain, This Book Shows How National Business Organizations Pushed Parties To Adopt Programmatic Reforms, Including Administrative Capacities And Policy-centered Campaigns. Parties Then Shifted From Reliance On Clientelism As A Governing Strategy In Elections, Policy Distribution, And Bureaucracy. They Built Modern Party Organizations And Techniques Of Interest Mediation And Accommodation. This Book Provides A Novel Theory Of Capitalist Interests Against Clientelism, And Argues For A More Rigorous Understanding Of The Relationship Between Capitalism And Political Development. Introduction. Capitalism, Clientelism, And Party Organization -- Business Demands Against Clientelism : The Argument In Brief -- Clientelism As A Failure Of Governance : A Theory Of Business, Parties, And Programmatic Demands. Clientelism : Concepts And Theories -- Understanding Programmatic Politics -- Capitalist Demands For Programmatic Reforms -- Empirical Strategy -- Clientelism As A Governing Strategy In The United States. Vote Buying And Clientelism In National Elections -- Clientelism In Policy : Patronage And The Pork Barrel -- Patronage Politics And The Federal Bureaucracy -- Business Organization And The Push For Programmatic Parties. Party-business Linkages Before 1870 -- The Establishment Of National Business Organizations -- Businesses, Pluralism, And Programmatic Parties -- Clientelism And Governance In Britain, 1850-1880 -- Clientelism And Vote Buying In British Elections -- Clientelism And Distributive Policy In Britain -- Patronage In Britain -- The Emergence Of Programmatic Parties, 1870-1900 -- Administrative Reform And Programmatic Parties In Britain. Ties Between Parliament And Business Before 1870 -- Trade Associations And Political Engagement -- The Association Of British Chambers Of Commerce -- Parties, Administrative Policy, And Programmatic Representation After 1880 -- Conclusion : Capitalist Interests, Programmatic Parties, And Elusive Reforms. Clientelism As A Governing Strategy -- Capitalism And Clientelism -- Business Interests And Democratic Reforms -- Future Research. Didi Kuo, Stanford University. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 141-156) And Index.